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Market Economy and Urban Change: Impacts in the Developing World
Across the developing world the preceding decade or so has witnessed a profound reconfiguration of the political economy of urban policy. This new policy environment is driven by globalization, the neo-liberal macro-economic package of 'market enablement' and structural adjustment, which now form the dominant development paradigm. The consequences of this approach for urban development agendas and ultimately the lives and livelihoods of millions of people across the globe are profound. Market Economy and Urban Change explores and evaluates urban sector and development policies in the context of market enablement, and the associated instruments of structural adjustment, urban management reform and 'good' governance. By articulating the linkages between this neo-liberal development paradigm and the way different actors in the urban sector enact policy responses, the book provides an understanding of both the factors driving market enablement, and its impacts on urban sector policies and programmes. With case studies drawn from countries such as Egypt, Mexico, Kenya, Brazil, Colombia and transitional economies, the book focuses in particular on the implications for land, shelter and related sectoral policies for poverty alleviation. By linking policy to practice, the book seeks to inform policy-makers in governments, donor and implementing agencies of the impact of shifts in the development debate on urban sector strategies.
Refugee Community Organisations - a new era
This article appeared in a newsletter entitled 'In Exile', published by the Refugee Council in January 2004. It was one of the outputs from the project 'Refugee Community-Based Organisations in the UK - A Social Capital Analysis', funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).
Anthropology and forced migration
Book description: Refugee and Forced Migration Studies has grown from being a concern of a relatively small number of scholars and policy researchers in the 1980s to a global field of interest with thousands of students worldwide studying displacement either from traditional disciplinary perspectives or as a core component of newer programmes across the Humanities and Social and Political Sciences. Today the field encompasses both rigorous academic research which may or may not ultimately inform policy and practice, as well as action-research focused on advocating in favour of refugees' needs and rights. This authoritative Handbook critically evaluates the birth and development of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, and analyses the key contemporary and future challenges faced by academics and practitioners working with and for forcibly displaced populations around the world. The 52 state-of-the-art chapters, written by leading academics, practitioners, and policymakers working in universities, research centres, think tanks, NGOs and international organizations, provide a comprehensive and cutting-edge overview of the key intellectual, political, social and institutional challenges arising from mass displacement in the world today. The chapters vividly illustrate the vibrant and engaging debates that characterize this rapidly expanding field of research and practice.
International relations and forced migration
Book description: Refugee and Forced Migration Studies has grown from being a concern of a relatively small number of scholars and policy researchers in the 1980s to a global field of interest with thousands of students worldwide studying displacement either from traditional disciplinary perspectives or as a core component of newer programmes across the Humanities and Social and Political Sciences. Today the field encompasses both rigorous academic research which may or may not ultimately inform policy and practice, as well as action-research focused on advocating in favour of refugees' needs and rights. This authoritative Handbook critically evaluates the birth and development of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, and analyses the key contemporary and future challenges faced by academics and practitioners working with and for forcibly displaced populations around the world. The 52 state-of-the-art chapters, written by leading academics, practitioners, and policymakers working in universities, research centres, think tanks, NGOs and international organizations, provide a comprehensive and cutting-edge overview of the key intellectual, political, social and institutional challenges arising from mass displacement in the world today. The chapters vividly illustrate the vibrant and engaging debates that characterize this rapidly expanding field of research and practice.
Political theory, ethics and forced migration
Book description: Refugee and Forced Migration Studies has grown from being a concern of a relatively small number of scholars and policy researchers in the 1980s to a global field of interest with thousands of students worldwide studying displacement either from traditional disciplinary perspectives or as a core component of newer programmes across the Humanities and Social and Political Sciences. Today the field encompasses both rigorous academic research which may or may not ultimately inform policy and practice, as well as action-research focused on advocating in favour of refugees' needs and rights. This authoritative Handbook critically evaluates the birth and development of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, and analyses the key contemporary and future challenges faced by academics and practitioners working with and for forcibly displaced populations around the world. The 52 state-of-the-art chapters, written by leading academics, practitioners, and policymakers working in universities, research centres, think tanks, NGOs and international organizations, provide a comprehensive and cutting-edge overview of the key intellectual, political, social and institutional challenges arising from mass displacement in the world today. The chapters vividly illustrate the vibrant and engaging debates that characterize this rapidly expanding field of research and practice.
Implementation and World Politics: How International Norms Change Practice
A significant amount of International Relations scholarship examines the role of international norms in world politics. Existing work, though, focuses mainly on how these norms emerge and the process by which governments sign and ratify them. In conventional accounts, the story ends there. Yet, this tells us very little about the conditions under which these norms actually make any difference in practice. When do these norms actually change what happens on the ground? In order to address this analytical gap, the book develops an original conceptual framework for understanding the role of implementation in world politics. It applies this framework to explain variation in the impact of a range of people-centred norms relating to humanitarianism, human rights, and development. The book explores how the same international norms can have radically different effects in different national and local contexts, or within particular organizations, and in turn how this variation can have profound effects on people's lives. How do international norms change and adapt at implementation? Which actors and structures matter for shaping whether implementation actually takes place, and on whose terms? And what lessons can we derive from this for both International Relations theory and for international public policy-makers? Collectively, the chapters explore these themes by looking at three different types of norms - treaty norms, principle norms, and policy norms - across policy fields that include refugees, internal displacement, crimes against humanity, the use of mercenaries, humanitarian assistance, aid transparency, civilian protection, and the responsibility to protect.
Special Issue: Emerging Issues in Refugee Policy Around the World
This special issue of the Refugee Survey Quarterly brings together a selection of the papers from the conference on “Understanding Global Refugee Policy” organized by the Refugee Studies Centre to celebrate its 30th anniversary. One of the many notable themes to emerge from the conference was the extent to which that period hasengendered continuity or change in global refugee policy. How has the agenda changed? Has the nature of the challenges facing policy-makers shifted over the last three decades? Has refugee policy become more politicised? Has finding solutions to refugee situations become more difficult? To what extent are main actors different? Is it still a fundamentally state-centric policy field? How have the main forums and institutions within which policy is made changed? The papers in this collection offer a window onto that question of continuity and change. In doing so, they address a range of important emerging themes and cover a wide set of geographical regions.
Forced displacement in Southeast and East Asia
Book description: Refugee and Forced Migration Studies has grown from being a concern of a relatively small number of scholars and policy researchers in the 1980s to a global field of interest with thousands of students worldwide studying displacement either from traditional disciplinary perspectives or as a core component of newer programmes across the Humanities and Social and Political Sciences. Today the field encompasses both rigorous academic research which may or may not ultimately inform policy and practice, as well as action-research focused on advocating in favour of refugees' needs and rights. This authoritative Handbook critically evaluates the birth and development of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, and analyses the key contemporary and future challenges faced by academics and practitioners working with and for forcibly displaced populations around the world. The 52 state-of-the-art chapters, written by leading academics, practitioners, and policymakers working in universities, research centres, think tanks, NGOs and international organizations, provide a comprehensive and cutting-edge overview of the key intellectual, political, social and institutional challenges arising from mass displacement in the world today. The chapters vividly illustrate the vibrant and engaging debates that characterize this rapidly expanding field of research and practice.
Governing Refugees: Justice, Order and Legal Pluralism
Refugee camps are imbued in the public imagination with assumptions of anarchy, danger and refugee passivity. Governing Refugees: Justice, Order and Legal Pluralism marshals empirical data and ethnographic detail to challenge such assumptions, arguing that refugee camps should be recognised as spaces where social capital can not only survive, but thrive. This book examines themes of community governance, order maintenance and legal pluralism in the context of refugee camps on the Thailand-Burma border. The nature of a refugee situation is such that multiple actors take a role in camp management, creating a complex governance environment which has a significant impact on the lives of refugees. This situation also speaks to deeply important questions of legal and political scholarship, including the production of order beyond the state, justice as a contested site, and the influence of transnational human rights discourses on local justice practice. The book presents valuable new research into the subject of refugee camps as well as an original critical analysis. The interdisciplinary nature of McConnachie’s assessment means Governing Refugees will appeal across the fields of law, anthropology and criminology, as well as to those whose work directly relates to Refugee Studies.
The global governance of crisis migration
There is no coherent or unified global governance framework for the different areas that have been subsumed under the umbrella of ‘crisis migration’. This is not to say that when new challenges or labels arise new institution-building is necessarily required. Addressing emerging protection gaps such as those related to crisis migration requires creativity in making existing institutions work better across implementation, institutionalisation and international agreements.
Crisis
Many people who are displaced, or become ‘trapped’, in the context of diverse humanitarian crises do not fit well within existing legal, policy and operational frameworks for the protection of refugees and IDPs. This raises questions about whether there needs to be – or can be – more systematic ways of dealing with assistance and protection for people affected by ‘crises’ such as environmental disruption, gang violence, nuclear disasters, food shortages and so on. FMR 45 contains 33 articles on crisis, migration and displacement, and eight general articles on other subjects relating to forced migration.
Returning to Yerussalem: Exile, Return and Oral History
Although migration has attracted substantial historical investigation, contemporary historians have neglected the more specific study of refugees and forced migrants despite the global saliency of the phenomena and the multidisciplinary nature of the subject matter. Yet a historical perspective implicitly informs much of our understanding of the way political and social change, often over protracted periods, create the 'root causes' of persecution, violence and the humanitarian crises of refugee exodus. Similarly, development-induced, as well as war-generated, forced displacement irrevocably changes people's social world and again a historical perspective should enhance our insights into these processes. But it has usually been left to non-historians to make these connections, which regrettably leaves the history tangential to the main discourse. Gadi BenEzer's exploration of The Ethiopian Jewish Exodus: Narratives of the Migration Journey to Israel 1977-1985, the ninth volume in Routledge's Studies in Memory and Narrative series, follows this tradition...Reviewing the book provides the opportunity to place a critique within the wider frame which seeks to show how historical research, particularly oral history, might better contribute to the study of displacement and forced migration in general, and to refugee studies more specifically. The objective here is to stimulate a closer engagement by historians with this dynamic and perplexing field of academic investigation. In order to make these connections it is necessary to sketch the contours of the development of the 'refugee regime' on the one hand, and then the academic discourse which seeks to understand and explain the phenomenon on the other. Then the review returns to Gadi BenEzer's book in to explore its significance.
Refugee Community Organisations and Dispersal: Networks, Resources and Social Capital
The book is distinctive in combining theoretical discussion on the role of networks, resources and social capital with fieldwork evidence and interviews with members of RCOs, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and statutory authorities. It critically examines the impact of dispersal and current legislative change on refugee communities and RCOs; explores the integrative role of RCOs; assesses the race relations framework in Britain and its effects on refugee organisations and provides a thorough and up-to-date literature review. Refugee community organisations and dispersal is essential reading for practitioners and policy makers, academics, researchers and students of social policy, social geography, sociology and politics. Members of NGOs working with refugees or in local government, community workers and members of refugee communities themselves will also be keenly interested in the book. Comparative issues raised by the research will be of direct interest to readers in other countries.
Land, Housing and the Reconstruction of the Built Environment
Images of warn-torn societies, and of the disruption and devastation that inevitably result, are a regular feature of today's media. How can such societies, devastated by war, be successfully rehabilitated? What are the challenges of reconstruction and development? After the Conflict brings together a team of leading researchers and professionals with wide involvement in post-conflict scenarios -- including Afghanistan, Rwanda, Kosovo, Somalia and Indonesia -- to address these issues. Drawing upon their extensive experience, they set out the requirements they have found to be necessary to successful long-term reconstruction. This unique work draws together for the first time in a single volume the wide range of specialist knowledge necessary to this major international concern and presents vital new insights essential to successful long-term reconstruction and development of countries in the aftermath of war.
Still Surviving and Now Settling: Refugees, Asylum Seekers and a Renewed Role for Housing Associations
Aims: To provide an analysis of the role and potential for housing associations to deliver housing and support services for refugees and asylum seekers by examining current practice and future prospects.
Designing Sustainable Cities in the Developing World
Can conservation of the built heritage be reconciled with the speed of urban change in cities of the developing world? What are the tools of sustainable design and how can communities participate in the design of the environments in which they live and work? These are some of the questions explored within this innovative and richly illustrated book. A wealth of examples drawn from Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India and Myanmar demonstrate how rapid physical and social change has swept away historic urban quarters and the cultural heritage they represent. Written in an accessible style the rich mix of concepts, research methods, analysis and practice-based tools is designed for academics and professionals alike. Leading academics Zetter and Watson have produced a fascinating book that is amongst the first to explore the concept of urban sustainability within the context of urban design in the developing world.
Immigration, Social Cohesion and Social Capital: What are the Links?
This study explores the interaction between migrants’ social relationships in their community (their social capital) and the development of a stable and integrated society (social cohesion) at the local level. The concept of social capital – how individuals and groups invest in social relationships and share resources – resonates with current concerns about how different communities, notably minority ethnic groups, relate to their wider social world.
Planned evacuations and the right to shelter during displacement
In response to widespread destruction of the built environment and forced displacement caused by conflict or natural disaster, the provision of durable shelter designed to satisfactory physical standards and which is technologically and culturally appropriate, constitutes a basic need and a fundamental right for forced migrants. This chapter examines a number of normative and policy aspects of planned evacuation, shelter, and settlements during displacement for internally displaced persons (IDPs) related to the provisions of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (the Guiding Principles) and how they generally are, or should be, addressed in national law and policy interventions. The chapter focuses on conflict-related and disaster-related modes of temporary shelter during displacement and therefore excludes development-induced displacement.
Legal and normative frameworks
How the legal and normative frameworks are addressed will be critical to the security of people threatened by climate change.